Backward Research Goes Forward

BACKWARD RESEARCH GOES FORWARD


by Alan Boyle

Posted: Tuesday, July 17, 2007

University of Washington physicist (and science-fiction author) John Cramer is moving forward with his experiment in backward causality,
thanks in part to tens of thousands of dollars in contributions sent in
by his fans. Although Cramer emphasizes that his lab is looking at
“nonlocal quantum communication” rather than backward time travel per
se, the gadgetry he’s assembling could settle a controversy surrounding
a seemingly faster-than-light effect that Albert Einstein thought was downright spooky.

Boiled down to its basics, the experiment
involves splitting laser light into two beams, so that characteristics
of one beam are reflected in the other beam as well. That's an example
of what physicists call quantum entanglement. Specifically,
Cramer has been planning to fiddle with one of the entangled
laser beams such that it takes on the property of waves or particles.
If one beam behaves like particles, the entangled photons of light in
the other beam should behave like particles, too.

So what happens when the beams go their
separate ways, and you conduct a wave-vs.-particle measurement on one
beam? When someone else checks the other beam, the same measurement
should yield the same result. In fact, you could visualize using the
wave-vs.-particle toggle as a means for communicating information, sort
of like Morse code. Theoretically, you could check one beam to
receive a message instantaneously from whoever is fiddling with the
other beam – even if you're separated from the receiver by millions
of light-years.

That's what Einstein considered “spooky action
at a distance.” Such an effect could send information faster than light
beams could travel, running counter to special relativity – and thus
Einstein thought the effect was impossible to achieve. However, the evidence is mounting that quantum entanglement actually happens.

Cramer planned to start out by testing this
kind of communication through quantum entanglement – that's the
“nonlocal communication” part of the experiment. If that worked, Cramer
would go even further: He would send one of the entangled beams (call
it Signal A) through a circuitous detour – say, a few miles of
fiber-optic cable – then fiddle with it when it came out of the cable.
If the principles behind nonlocal communication held true, the evidence
of that fiddling should be detected at a corresponding place in the
other entangled beam (call it Signal B).

Now brace yourself for the backward-causality
part: Because Signal B followed a shorter route to its detector, the
fiddling in Signal A could theoretically show up in Signal B before Cramer actually fiddles with Signal A. It would be as if Cramer's actions had an effect that worked backward in time.

If Cramer detected that effect, the findings would raise the kinds of paradoxes you might see in science-fiction novels or “The Twilight Zone.” What if you detected a signal from the future, but then decided not to send the signal? (That's called the “bilking paradox”).
What if you received the text of a best-selling manuscript from
yourself in the future, had it published, then saved a copy so you
could send it to yourself in the past? (Cramer calls that the
“immaculate conception paradox.”)

“Perhaps the fact that there are such paradoxes
is nature's way of telling us that our experiment isn't going to work,”
Cramer said.

Nevertheless, Cramer is anxious to find out whether it might work – and if not, why not. He suggested the framework for the experiment a year ago, and no one could come up with a reason why it should fail. Except for the money problem. …

For months, Cramer struggled to find the funding he needed to buy the equipment for the experiment, to no avail. Then an article about his plight came out in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer – and within weeks, thousands of dollars flowed in
from foundations and private donors who, for one reason or another,
wanted to find out what kind of answers Cramer could come up with.

Cramer said the fund now amounts to $40,000, and now that he's back from a tour of duty at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,
he's moving forward with the laser experiment. “If that laser holds
out, then I think we're in pretty good shape,” he told me today.

He's hoping to complete the experiment by
September, when the equipment he's using will have to be
moved someplace else to make room for remodeling. “It would be very
nice if we could finish up by the 15th of September, but I don't know
if we'll be able to do that or not,” he said.

Cramer is grateful for all the donations, but
he admitted that he's “a little uncomfortable” about the way things
have gone so far. Usually, physicists work in obscurity, get some
funding, conduct an experiment, publish the results – and only then
does the publicity come, if the results are spectacular enough. The way
Cramer sees it, there's been a heck of a lot of publicity already about
an experiment that has yet to be done.

“We seem to be doing it sort of backwards, in a
sense,” he said. Then, realizing that he's been talking about backward
causality, he added with a chuckle that “it may be relevant to the
experiment we're trying to do.”

Cramer, who is the author of two science-fiction novels and a regular columnist
for Analog magazine, said the experiment represents “a rare opportunity
to push the envelope of quantum mechanics.” No matter how it turns out,
the results will be put to good use, he said.

“If this experiment we're doing works, then I
will follow up and push it as hard as possible. And if it doesn't work,
I will write a science-fiction novel where it does work,” he said. “It's a win-win situation.”

Feel free to add your thoughts about backward causality and time travel in the comments section below, or visit our discussion board. And if you've already come up with a solution for backward time travel, fill me in on the secret … yesterday.


TED: Inspired talks by he world's greatest thinkers and doers


About TED

TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design.
It started out (in 1984) as a conference bringing together people from
those three worlds. Since then its scope has become ever broader.

The
annual conference now brings together the world's most fascinating
thinkers and doers, who are challenged to give the talk of their lives
(in 18 minutes).

This site makes the best talks and performances from TED available to the public, for free.
More than 100 talks from our archive are now available, with more added
each week. These videos are released under a Creative Commons license,
so they can be freely shared and reposted.

Our mission: Spreading ideas.

We
believe passionately in the power of ideas to change attitudes, lives
and ultimately, the world. So we're building here a clearinghouse that
offers free knowledge and inspiration from the world's most inspired
thinkers, and also a community of curious souls to engage with ideas
and each other. Over time, you'll see us add talks and performances
from other events, and solicit submissions from you, as well. … [to read more, go to About TED.]


3 ways to explore: By theme (below), talk title or speaker.

  • A Taste of TED

  • A Taste of TED
  • Wondering what happened at TED2007? Curious about the new season of TEDTalks? Catch a sneak preview with this 7-minute Taste of TED documentary >>

  • TEDGlobal

  • TEDGlobal
  • Africa: The Next Chapter
    Inventors and entrepreneurs, musicians and mavericks made news at TEDGlobal. For details, see the TEDBlog.

  • TEDPrize

  • TEDPrize
  • 2007 winners unveil wishes
    The 2007 TED Prize winners announce the wishes they hope you will help them fulfill.



“We are in a race to save humanity,” by Ervin Laszlo

I just came across this article, excerpted from a talk by the systems theorist Ervin Laszlo, in the March 2007 issue of Auroville's monthly news magazine 'Auroville Today'. It struck a powerful resonance with me, so I decided to type it here for SCIY's readers.  ~ ron



“We are in a race to save humanity”

Extracts from a talk by Ervin Laszlo, former member of the Auroville International Advisory Council

“The problem humanity is facing today stems from the fact that the West has forgotten that it is part of the larger ecological system which sustains all life on Earth. Humanity has come to believe that the environment is separate, less important than the economy, and that it can do what it likes with it. This is an evolutionary mistake.

This tendency began 10,000 years ago when Homo sapiens began manipulating the environment and domesticating animals, but it has only become critical in the last 200 years with the advent of mass-production and high-energy technology.

The consequence is that today we are out of synch with the natural world, and this has many adverse impacts. For example, there is no longer any doubt that global warming is due to human impact. If the rise in temperatures continues, it is predicted that the 21st century will be the warmest century for the past one million years. The monsoon may not come  to India or other countries that depend on it, Europe may become either very dry or very cold, and there is real doubt if the planet will be able to feed 6.5 billion or more people living on it. In fact, James Lovelock, [the proponent of the Gaia theory] estimates that the world will only be able to support about 200 million people if the present trends of consumption continue.

Do we have enough time to avert such a catastrophe? Some scientists, like Lovelock, believe it is already too late — that we have already reached a ‘tipping-point’ beyond which everything will go quickly downhill. Others, like myself, are more optimistic. But there is very little time.

Positive feedback systems and cross-impacts mean that everything is happening faster than predicted a few years ago: temperatures are rising, the ice is melting, and the greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane are being released into the atmosphere faster than ever before. We are now in a race to save humanity. The planet will survive, but humanity, like 99% of all complex species which have ever existed, may not. And this would be a loss, for in us nature and the cosmos have started to become self-aware.

To understand where we stand today it is necessary to understand how complex systems evolve. Complex systems do not evolve bit by bit. They evolve until they reach a ‘chaos point’. At that moment, there is a collapse of the old system and a new dynamic comes into play. Then anything can happen, except it’s impossible to maintain the status quo, and it’s impossible to revert to a former state of being.

Today, we are facing two crises, one in the biosphere and the other in human consciousness. If we are going to cope with the challenges facing the biosphere, there must be a new human consciousness. It must recognize we are as much part of this planet as the birds and trees, and evolve in response to that. Once we feel this, we will automatically try to preserve our planet.

Another way to reach this is that we must sense our unity, we must feel connected, both to each other and to the biosphere. But we are already connected. This is something spiritual leaders have said for millennia, and it’s something that the human race has lived and experienced for millennia — otherwise it would never have survived for so long. But now it helps to know that we have scientific evidence for this.

For example, it is known that at the quantum level of reality there is no such thing as separation. If a particle is broken apart and the two parts sent in opposite directions, if the spin of one part is changed, the spin of the other changes instantaneously — at several magnitudes the speed of light — even though the parts may be separated by thousands of miles. It is a phenomenon known as ‘non-locality’.

There is also the phenomenon of ‘teleportation’, where two atoms are allowed to interact with each other, and the resulting change in state is immediately picked up and mirrored by a third atom which has no obvious contact with the original two. This is akin to energy transmission by a guru or healer which may be picked up thousands of miles away by somebody in a receptive state.

Brain research reinforces this phenomenon. Normally, the two hemispheres of the brain operate almost independently — and their respective brain waves are quite different. However, in deep sleep or meditation they become harmonized. More interestingly, when several people who already know each other meditate at the same time, and one of them receives some kind of stimulation, the brain waves of the others pick it up immediately and show the change. What happens in the brain of one is immediately reflected in the brain of the others.

How to explain all this? If connections exist between objects which are separated in space and time, one either has to accept they are mysteriously connected — which puts one outside the realm of science — or accept they are connected by something which is not visible or perceivable but which is real. What could this be?

In science, this is called the ‘field’. Science knows about four universal fields — the electromagnetic, gravitational and the two nuclear fields (strong and weak) — and some strange quantum fields. However, few scientists have dared to suggest there is yet another kind of field, a field that carries information without conventional means of energy, which can penetrate any barrier, and which transcends space and time. Quantum physicist David Bohm performed experiments and showed that there is an effect like this which he terms ‘in-formation’.

How does it work? Everything in the world emits energy. If one’s energy field radiates outwards and encounters another object or person, it gets reflected back from that object or person’s field. The two wave-fields, the source and the reflection, interact. If they are on the same frequency there is a field conjugation (union) or what is called an ‘adaptive resonance consonance’. At that point, an exchange happens and information gets transferred from one to the other. So if you enter into communication with another person who has assumed a similar mind-set and consciousness to yours, you can exchange information instantly.

We all have this capability, but now we need to develop it very fast so there can be a new union between cultures and between humans and nature. And it is happening. To my mind, there is an almost miraculous acceleration of this new consciousness, which I sometimes refer to as planetary consciousness. Even in biological terms, I’m sure that the genetic code of the children born today is different from ours. As living systems are open, as there is always an energy interchange between them and their environment, the new generation’s DNA must have been modified by the crisis we are living through, perhaps making them more able to adapt and survive.

But still we need to buy time; to delay the coming of the ‘chaos point’ regarding the biosphere until this new consciousness has fully established itself. If the crisis happened today, we would be as unprepared for it as we were for the tsunami.

This is where places like Auroville can play a vital role. For as this new consciousness spreads by what the scientists term ‘adaptive resonance', wherever you have a higher concentration of people who sense and act upon their unity, it can be picked up by receptive people anywhere. This is why those who are engaged in living and developing this planetary consciousness bear a tremendous responsibility for the evolution of all humanity.”


China suspends new maglev train project due to EM radiation health concerns






AFX News Limited

China suspends new maglev train project due to health concerns – Xinhua

05.27.07,
11:12 AM ET



Popular Videos
Meet The 10 Hottest Heiresses
Glaxo's Dangerous Drug?
Cavemen, Crime And The Lipstick Jungle
Designer Digs
Gold Bull







Most Popular Stories
MySpace Bows To Subpoena
EMI Goes Into Private Equity Hands
What Did Glaxo Know?
Building Blocks For Success
Facebook Welcomes Companies And Developers




BEIJING (AFX) – China has suspended the planned construction of a
high-speed magnetic levitation train linking the eastern cities of
Shanghai and Hangzhou due to health concerns, the official Xinhua news
agency has reported.

Citing unnamed Shanghai officials, Xinhua said the project has been
suspended following petitions from residents living along the proposed
route worried about possible health problems from the maglev's high
powered magnets.

A question of whether the project can
eventually recover the more than 40 bln yuan invested in it also casts
a shadow over its feasibility, Xinhua said.

It's now 'hard to
say' if the train will be built at all, Xinhua quoted Wang Qingyun, the
official in charge of transportation at the National Development and
Reform Commission, as saying.

The maglev uses powerful magnets to drive the train at speeds of up to 430 km per hour.

The project was expected to be completed in time for Shanghai's hosting of the World Expo in 2010, according to Xinhua.

Shanghai has one magnetic levitation line in operation linking
Shanghai's Pudong airport and an eastern suburb of the city. That was
built by Transrapid International, a consortium of Siemens AG
(nyse:
SI

news


people
) and ThyssenKrupp AG.

Xinhua did not mention any local opposition to the line currently in operation.

(1 usd = 7.66 yuan)

ljl/kmq


Neither the Subscriber nor AFX News warrants the completeness or
accuracy of the Service or the suitability of the Service as a trading
aid and neither accepts any liability for losses howsoever incurred.
The content on this site, including news, quotes, data and other
information, is provided by AFX News and its third party content
providers for your personal information only, and neither AFX News nor
its third party content providers shall be liable for any errors,
inaccuracies or delays in content, or for any actions taken in reliance
thereon.